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A thought-provoking examination of how explanations of social and moral development inform our understandings of morality and culture. A common theme in the latter part of the twentieth century has been to lament the moral state of American society and the decline of morality among youth. A sharp turn toward an extreme form of individualism and a lack of concern for community involvement and civic participation are often blamed for the moral crisis. Turiel challenges these views, drawing on a large body of research from developmental psychology, anthropology, sociology as well as social events, political movements, and journalistic accounts of social and political struggles. Turiel shows that generation after generation has lamented the decline of society and blamed young people. Using historical accounts, he persuasively argues that such characterizations of moral decline entail stereotyping, nostalgia for times past, and a failure to recognize the moral viewpoint of those who challenge traditions.

Social ethics. --- Moral development. --- Ethical development --- Child psychology --- Moral education --- Faith development --- Ethics --- Social problems --- Sociology --- Health Sciences --- Psychiatry & Psychology

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In Todd Endelman's spare and elegant narrative, the history of British Jewry in the modern period is characterized by a curious mixture of prominence and inconspicuousness. British Jews have been central to the unfolding of key political events of the modern period, especially the establishment of the State of Israel, but inconspicuous in shaping the character and outlook of modern Jewry. Their story, less dramatic perhaps than that of other Jewish communities, is no less deserving of this comprehensive and finely balanced analytical account. Even though Jews were never completely absent from Britain after the expulsion of 1290, it was not until the mid- seventeenth century that a permanent community took root. Endelman devotes chapters to the resettlement; to the integration and acculturation that took place, more intensively than in other European states, during the eighteenth century; to the remarkable economic transformation of Anglo-Jewry between 1800 and 1870; to the tide of immigration from Eastern Europe between 1870 and 1914 and the emergence of unprecedented hostility to Jews; to the effects of World War I and the turbulent events up to and including the Holocaust; and to the contradictory currents propelling Jewish life in Britain from 1948 to the end of the twentieth century. We discover not only the many ways in which the Anglo-Jewish experience was unique but also what it had in common with those of other Western Jewish communities.

Jews --- History. --- Great Britain --- Ethnic relations. --- 17th century. --- academic. --- anglo jewish. --- belief. --- britain. --- british empire. --- british jews. --- community. --- european history. --- faith. --- great britain. --- israel. --- jewish history. --- jewish studies. --- jewish. --- judaism. --- modern jewry. --- modern jews. --- modern judaism. --- modern religion. --- political. --- politics. --- religion. --- religious studies. --- scholarly. --- settlement. --- state of israel. --- western jewish. --- world war 1. --- wwi.

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One of the great intellectual battles of modern times is between evolution and religion. Until now, they have been considered completely irreconcilable theories of origin and existence. David Sloan Wilson's Darwin's Cathedral takes the radical step of joining the two, in the process proposing an evolutionary theory of religion that shakes both evolutionary biology and social theory at their foundations. The key, argues Wilson, is to think of society as an organism, an old idea that has received new life based on recent developments in evolutionary biology. If society is an organism, can we then think of morality and religion as biologically and culturally evolved adaptations that enable human groups to function as single units rather than mere collections of individuals? Wilson brings a variety of evidence to bear on this question, from both the biological and social sciences. From Calvinism in sixteenth-century Geneva to Balinese water temples, from hunter-gatherer societies to urban America, Wilson demonstrates how religions have enabled people to achieve by collective action what they never could do alone. He also includes a chapter considering forgiveness from an evolutionary perspective and concludes by discussing how all social organizations, including science, could benefit by incorporating elements of religion. Religious believers often compare their communities to single organisms and even to insect colonies. Astoundingly, Wilson shows that they might be literally correct. Intended for any educated reader, Darwin's Cathedral will change forever the way we view the relations among evolution, religion, and human society.

Philosophy and psychology of culture --- Religion and sociology. --- Group selection (Evolution) --- Evolution (Biology) --- Population biology --- Religion and society --- Religious sociology --- Society and religion --- Sociology, Religious --- Sociology and religion --- Sociology of religion --- Sociology --- Religion and sociology --- 316:2 --- 316:2 Godsdienstsociologie --- Godsdienstsociologie --- Group selection (Evolution). --- evolutionary, evolution, adaptation, survival, religion, faith, belief, nature, society, social studies, biology, anthropology, anthropologist, academic, scholarly, research, religious, christian, christianity, controversial, controversy, debate, intelligent design, origin, theory, theoretical, interdisciplinary, organism, morality, cultural, culture, history, historical, 16th century, calvinism, hunter gatherer, urban, america, western, selection.

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The clash between evolution and creationism is one of the most hotly contested topics in education today. This book, written by one of America's most distinguished science educators, provides essential background information on this difficult and important controversy. Giving a sweeping and balanced historical look at both schools of thought, John A. Moore shows that faith can exist alongside science, that both are essential to human happiness and fulfillment, but that we must support the teaching of science and the scientific method in our nation's schools. This highly informative book will be an invaluable aid for parents, teachers, and lawmakers, as well as for anyone who wants a better understanding of this debate. From Genesis to Genetics shows us why we must free both science and religion to do the good work for which each is uniquely qualified. Using accessible language, Moore describes in depth these two schools of thought. He begins with an analysis of the Genesis story, examines other ancient creation myths, and provides a nuanced discussion of the history of biblical interpretation. After looking at the tenets and historical context of creationism, he presents the history of evolutionary thought, explaining how it was developed, what it means, and why it is such a powerful theory. Moore goes on to discuss the relationship of nineteenth-century religion to Darwinism, examine the historic Scopes trial, and take us up to the current controversy over what to teach in schools. Most important, this book also explores options for avoiding confrontations over this issue in the future. Thoughtfully and powerfully advocating that the teaching of science be kept separate from the teaching of religion, Moore asks us to recognize that a vigorous and effective scientific community is essential to our nation's health, to our leadership role in the world, and to the preservation of a healthy environment.

Creationism. --- Evolution (Biology) --- Creation science --- Scientific creationism --- Modernist-fundamentalist controversy --- Bible and evolution --- Creation --- Intelligent design (Teleology) --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Religious aspects --- Christianity --- Evolution (Biology). --- 19th century. --- academic. --- belief. --- bible. --- biblical. --- controversial. --- creation myths. --- creation. --- creationism. --- cultural background. --- cultural context. --- cultural history. --- cultural studies. --- darwinism. --- debate. --- education. --- evolution. --- evolutionary. --- faith. --- genesis. --- genetics. --- hot button issue. --- mythology. --- myths. --- religion and science. --- religion. --- religious studies. --- scholarly. --- science education. --- scientific. --- scopes trial. --- social studies.

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The fundamental question of the ethics of belief is "What ought one to believe?" According to the traditional view of evidentialism, the strength of one's beliefs should be proportionate to the evidence. Conventional ways of defending and challenging evidentialism rely on the idea that what one ought to believe is a matter of what it is rational, prudent, ethical, or personally fulfilling to believe. Common to all these approaches is that they look outside of belief itself to determine what one ought to believe. In this book Jonathan Adler offers a strengthened version of evidentialism, arguing that the ethics of belief should be rooted in the concept of belief--that evidentialism is belief's own ethics. A key observation is that it is not merely that one ought not, but that one cannot, believe, for example, that the number of stars is even. The "cannot" represents a conceptual barrier, not just an inability. Therefore belief in defiance of one's evidence (or evidentialism) is impossible. Adler addresses such questions as irrational beliefs, reasonableness, control over beliefs, and whether justifying beliefs requires a foundation. Although he treats the ethics of belief as a central topic in epistemology, his ideas also bear on rationality, argument and pragmatics, philosophy of religion, ethics, and social cognitive psychology.

Theory of knowledge --- filosofie (filosofische aspecten) --- godsdienst (religie, religieuze aspecten) --- philosophie (aspects philosophiques) --- religion (aspects religieux) --- Belief and doubt. --- Evidence. --- Belief and doubt --- Evidence --- Philosophy --- Philosophy & Religion --- Speculative Philosophy --- Proof --- Conviction --- Doubt --- Faith --- Logic --- Truth --- Consciousness --- Credulity --- Emotions --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Psychology --- Religion --- Will --- Agnosticism --- Rationalism --- Skepticism --- PHILOSOPHY/General --- Corpus callosum. --- Sensorimotor integration. --- Cerebral hemispheres. --- Alexia. --- Corpus Callosum --- Brain --- Cognitive Science. --- Dominance, Cerebral. --- Functional Laterality --- physiology. --- Laterality. --- Medische psychologie --- Physiology. --- Neuropsychologie. --- Alexia --- Cerebral hemispheres --- Corpus callosum --- Sensorimotor integration --- Integration, Sensorimotor --- Intersensory integration --- Perceptual-motor integration --- Sensimotor integration --- Sensory integration --- Sensory-motor integration --- Perceptual-motor processes --- Sensory integration dysfunction --- Telencephalon --- Brain hemispheres --- Split brain --- Acquired dyslexia --- Dyslexia, Acquired --- Word-blindness --- Aphasia --- Reading disability --- Dyslexia --- Diseases --- Corps calleux --- Intégration sensorimotrice --- Cerveau --- Alexie --- Hémisphères --- NEUROSCIENCE/General